Understand the fundamentals of Computer Networking

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For writing an effective networking assignment, you need to expand your knowledge for the subject. Let’s discuss the fundamentals of computer networking. 

Fundamentals of Computer Networking

Computer Network: A computer network is a group of computers or other devices connected in some ways so to exchange information or data. The device which forms or connected to the network supposed to have node (indicating a unique address). Addresses reflect numeric quantities that are hard to remember for humans but easy for a computer. For example, 201.106.142.96.

Addressing of Networking: Addresses define the specific location of networking which makes it easy to locate a particular device under a network. 

Internet address: It contains 4 bytes distinguished by periods. For example, 132. 152.196.25. The first bytes (R = 1, 2, 3) related to the network address whereas the remaining bytes (H = 3, 2, 1) indicate the host machine.

Domain Name System (DNS): It reflects mnemonic textual address to simplify manipulation of the internet address. Because of DNS servers, mnemonic textual Internet addresses can be converted into hard numeric Internet addresses.

Ports: An IP address detects a host machine on the Internet and IP port recognizes a particular application running on an internet host machine. A port number is given to identify a port.

Data Transmission: To transfer data in modern networks, people use packet switching in which messages are broken into units called packets, and delivered from one computer to the other. After reaching to destination, data are extracted from one or more packets and used to recreate the original message. These packets are available in maximum size and include a header and a data area. The header includes the addresses of the source and destination devices and the sequencing of information required to rearrange the message at the target location.

Types of Network: computer networks are categorized into two networks.

  1. LANs or Local area networks such as Ethernet, Fibber Distributed Data Interconnect (FDDI), and Token Ring.
  2. WANs or Wide area networks such as Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM).

Protocols: It describes the set of rules allowing communication between two computers within a network. For example, communication between web browsers and servers is possible through the HTTP protocol.

Protocol layers: To make communication possible among computers under a network, two protocol layers are defined

  1. The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Data Model
  2. The TCP/IP (Internet Protocol) Model

Networks Interconnection/Internet: It defines the interconnection of various computer networks. The internet protocol plays a vital role in which a unique address is defined for a network and a host machine.

  1. Internet Protocol (IP):
  2. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
  3. User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Internet Application Protocols: Read the below list to understand various internet application protocols.

  1. File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
  2. Telnet (Terminal Protocol)
  3. Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP)
  4. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
  5. Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

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